Journal: Cell Biology and Toxicology

Article Title: Repeated 7-day exposure to ketamine induces anxiety-like behaviors and neuronal apoptosis in mice via DRD1-medicated inhibition of Akt/Gsk-3β phosphorylation

doi: 10.1007/s10565-026-10149-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: Behavioral results, western blot results and immunofluorescence co-staining in Emx1-cre ± ; DRD1. flox/flox mice. A . Representative movement tracings in the open field test on day 7. B . Total distance traveled (cm) in the open field test over seven consecutive days. C . Comparison of the total distance traveled (cm) in the open field test on day 7. D . Comparison of the number crossing the central area in the open field test on day 7. E . The number of central zone crossings in the open field test over seven consecutive days. F . Representative search paths in the Barnes maze test on day 7. G . Comparison of the escape latency in the Barnes maze test on day 7. H . Comparison of the immobility duration in the forced swim test on day 7. I . Representative western blot images of P-Akt, Akt, P-Gsk-3β, Gsk-3β, Bcl-2, Bax, Pro-caspas-3, and Cleaved-caspas-3 proteins in the PFC. J . Quantitative analysis of P-Akt, Akt, P-Gsk-3β, Gsk-3β, Bcl-2, Bax, Pro-caspas-3, and Cleaved-caspas-3 protein expression levels in the PFC. K . Immunofluorescence co-staining of NeuN and P-Akt in the PFC. L . Quantitative analysis of the fluorescence co-localization of NeuN and P-Akt in the PFC. M . Western blot results of P-Akt, Akt, P-Gsk-3β, Gsk-3β, Bcl-2, Bax, Pro-caspas-3, and Cleaved-caspas-3 proteins in the hippocampus. N . Immunofluorescence co-staining of NeuN and P-Akt in the hippocampus. O . Quantitative analysis of the fluorescence co-localization results of NeuN and P-Akt in the hippocampus. P . Quantitative analysis of P-Akt, Akt, P-Gsk-3β, Gsk-3β, Bcl-2, Bax, Pro-caspas-3, and Cleaved-caspas-3 protein expression levels in the hippocampus. Data were presented as mean ± SD ( n = 4 mice/group) (* p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001). Detailed statistical results were provided in Supplementary Table 2

Article Snippet: Cre mice were B6.129S2-Emx1 tm1(cre) Kri/J (emx1-cre +/+ ) from Cyagen Biotechnology Co. Thirty-two 8-week-old male Emx1-cre ± ; DRD1 flox/flox mice were used (16 DRD1 flox/flox mice as WT mice without DRD1 receptor knockout and 16 Emx1-cre ± ; DRD1 flox/flox mice as cKO mice with targeted knockout of DRD1 receptor in neurons).

Techniques: Western Blot, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Comparison, Expressing, Fluorescence

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Motor learning and dopamine-dependent striatal synaptic plasticity are controlled by astrocytic MEGF10

doi: 10.1038/s41467-026-69129-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: a An experimental scheme. b Latency to fall during rotarod training of control and Megf10 cKO (black: Megf10 fl/fl , n = 9 mice, red: Aldh1l1-CreERT2; Megf10 fl/fl , n = 13 mice; two-way ANOVA). c Representative confocal z-stack images showing astrocytic phagocytosis of corticostriatal presynapses in the DLS from control ( Megf10 fl/fl) and Megf10 cKO ( Aldh1l1-CreERT2; Megf10 fl/fl ) mice during rotarod training (top: mCherry (red), eGFP (cyan), and S100B (blue); bottom: mCherry-only (magenta), S100B (cyan)). Scale bar, 10 μm. d Quantification of corticostriatal presynapses by astrocytes in the DLS from control ( Megf10 fl/fl ) and Megf10 cKO ( Aldh1l1-CreERT2; Megf10 fl/fl ) mice during rotarod training ( Megf10 fl/fl ; 0 days: n = 6 mice, 5 days: n = 9 mice; Aldh1l1-CreERT2; Megf10 fl/fl ; 0 days: n = 6 mice, 5 days: n = 7 mice; one-way ANOVA). e Representative confocal z-stack images showing astrocytic phagocytosis of striatal postynapses in the DLS from control ( Megf10 fl/fl ) and Megf10 cKO ( Aldh1l1-CreERT2; Megf10 fl/fl ) mice during rotarod training (top: mCherry (red), eGFP (cyan), and S100B (blue); bottom: mCherry-only (magenta), S100B (cyan)). Scale bar, 10 μm. f Quantification of striatal postsynaptic phagocytosis by astrocytes in the DLS from control ( Megf10 fl/fl ) and Megf10 cKO ( Aldh1l1-CreERT2; Megf10 fl/fl ) mice during rotarod training ( Megf10 fl/fl ; 0 days: n = 5 mice, 5 days: n = 4 mice; Aldh1l1-CreERT2; Megf10 fl/fl ; 0 days: n = 8 mice, 5 days: n = 6 mice; one-way ANOVA). g Schematic illustration of the experiment to knock out Megf10 astrocytes conditionally in the striatum. h Latency to fall during the accelerating rotarod task of the control group ( GfaABC1D-Gfp , green) and the Megf10 cKO group ( GfaABC1D-Cre , yellow) ( GfaABC1D-Gfp : n = 9 mice, GfaABC1D-Cre : n = 10 mice; two-way ANOVA). i A schematic illustration of the stimulation site in the corticostriatal pathway and the whole-cell patch-clamp recording in the DLS of a horizontal brain slice. Created in BioRender. Chung, W. (2026) https://BioRender.com/spxps4n . j Representative recording traces (left) and summary statistics (right) depicting the I/O relationships at corticostriatal excitatory synapses (Control, n = 19 cells from 5 mice; Megf10 cKO, n = 21 cells from 5 mice; RM two-way ANOVA). k Representative recording traces (left) and summary statistics (right) illustrating the AMPA/NMDA ratio at corticostriatal synapses (Control, n = 11 cells from 3 mice; Megf10 cKO, n = 11 cells from 4 mice; unpaired two-sided t -test). Data were presented as mean values ± SEM. AU arbitrary units.

Article Snippet: Aldh1l1-CreERT2 mice (FVB-Tg( Aldh1l1-cre/ERT2 )1Khakh/J), Drd1 floxed mice (Drd1tm2.1Stl/J), and Drd2 floxed mice (B6.129S4(FVB)-Drd2tm1.1Mrub/J) were purchased from the Jackson Laboratory.

Techniques: Control, Knock-Out, Patch Clamp, Slice Preparation

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Motor learning and dopamine-dependent striatal synaptic plasticity are controlled by astrocytic MEGF10

doi: 10.1038/s41467-026-69129-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Experimental scheme designed to monitor glial phagocytosis of corticostriatal presynapses in the DLS following chemogenetic activation of the M1. b Quantification of corticostriatal presynaptic phagocytosis by astrocytes in the DLS following chemogenetic activation of the M1. c Quantification of corticostriatal presynaptic phagocytosis by microglia in the DLS following chemogenetic activation of the M1 ( b , c , Vehicle: n = 8 mice, CNO: n = 7 mice; unpaired two-sided t -test). d Experimental scheme designed to monitor glial phagocytosis of striatal postsynapses in the DLS following chemogenetic activation of the M1. e Quantification of striatal postsynaptic phagocytosis by astrocytes in the DLS after chemogenetic activation of the M1. f Quantification of striatal postsynaptic phagocytosis by microglia in the DLS following chemogenetic activation of the M1 ( e , f Vehicle: n = 8 mice, CNO: n = 8 mice; unpaired two-sided t -test). g Experimental scheme designed to monitor glial phagocytosis of corticostriatal presynapses in the DLS following chemogenetic activation of the SNc in Megf10 cKO. h Quantification of corticostriatal presynaptic phagocytosis by astrocytes in the DLS following chemogenetic activation of the SNc in Megf10 cKO ( Megf10 fl/fl ; Vehicle: n = 6 mice, Megf10 fl/fl ; CNO: n = 6 mice, Aldh1l1-CreERT2; Megf10 fl/fl ; Vehicle: n = 4 mice, Aldh1l1-CreERT2; Megf10 fl/fl ; CNO: n = 4 mice; one-way ANOVA). i Experimental scheme designed to monitor glial phagocytosis of striatal postsynapses in the DLS following chemogenetic activation of the SNc. j Quantification of striatal postsynaptic phagocytosis by astrocytes in the DLS following chemogenetic activation of the SNc (Vehicle: n = 8 mice, CNO: n = 8 mice; unpaired two-sided t -test). Data were presented as mean values ± SEM. AU arbitrary units.

Article Snippet: Aldh1l1-CreERT2 mice (FVB-Tg( Aldh1l1-cre/ERT2 )1Khakh/J), Drd1 floxed mice (Drd1tm2.1Stl/J), and Drd2 floxed mice (B6.129S4(FVB)-Drd2tm1.1Mrub/J) were purchased from the Jackson Laboratory.

Techniques: Activation Assay

Journal: Cell reports

Article Title: Serotonin receptors contribute to dopamine depression of lateral inhibition in the nucleus accumbens

doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110795

Figure Lengend Snippet: KEY RESOURCES TABLE

Article Snippet: To target ChR2 to D2- or D1- MSNs, a Cre-dependent vector encoding ChR2-eYFP (AAV5-EF1a-double floxed-hChR2(H134R)-EYFP-WPRE-HGHpA, 1 × 10 13 vg/mL, Addgene# 20298-AAV5 or AAV5-EF1a-DIO-hChR2(H134R)-EYFP, 4.5 × 10 12 vg/mL, UNC Vector Core catalog# 5EF1aChR2YFPDIO) was injected bilaterally into NAc core (250–300 nL/side; from bregma: AP, +1.2; ML, ±1.0; DV, −4.8 mm) of Adora2a-Cre or Drd1-Cre mice.

Techniques: Plasmid Preparation, Recombinant, Software

Journal: Cell reports

Article Title: Serotonin receptors contribute to dopamine depression of lateral inhibition in the nucleus accumbens

doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110795

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Diagram showing recordings from D1-MSNs or D2-MSNs while evoking synaptic currents from local MSN axon collaterals expressing ChR2. (B and C) Sagittal brain slices from (B) Drd1-Cre and (C) Adora2a-Cre mice, showing ChR2-eYFP in D1-MSNs in the NAc core (NAcC) and projections to the midbrain (B) or D2-MSNs and projections to the ventral pallidum (VP). DS, dorsal striatum; SNr, substantia nigra pars reticulata. (D–F) Representative oIPSC recorded from D1-MSNs (D) or D2-MSNs (F) before and during DA when stimulating D1-MSNs (blue/purple) or D2-MSNs (green/red). (E–G) Time course of DA effect on normalized oIPSC amplitudes at D1-MSN → D1-MSN (blue) and D2-MSN → D1-MSN (green) synapses (n = 9, 7) (E) or D2-MSN → D2-MSN (red) and D1-MSN → D2-MSN (purple) synapses (n = 6, 10) (G). (H) Summary of DA effect on D1-MSN → D1-MSN (blue), D2-MSN → D1-MSN (green), D2-MSN → D2-MSN (red), and D1-MSN→D2-MSN (purple) synapses (n = 9, 11, 6, 10). #, significance from baseline; *p < 0.05, Sidak’s test following two-way repeated measures (2W RM) ANOVA. (I) CV of oIPSC amplitude before and during DA (shaded) for D1-MSN → D1-MSN (blue), D2-MSN → D1-MSN (green), D2-MSN → D2-MSN (red), and D1-MSN → D2-MSN (purple) synapses. *p < 0.05 Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test. Scale bars: 200 pA, 20 ms. All error bars presented throughout manuscript represent SEM. See full statistics in .

Article Snippet: To target ChR2 to D2- or D1- MSNs, a Cre-dependent vector encoding ChR2-eYFP (AAV5-EF1a-double floxed-hChR2(H134R)-EYFP-WPRE-HGHpA, 1 × 10 13 vg/mL, Addgene# 20298-AAV5 or AAV5-EF1a-DIO-hChR2(H134R)-EYFP, 4.5 × 10 12 vg/mL, UNC Vector Core catalog# 5EF1aChR2YFPDIO) was injected bilaterally into NAc core (250–300 nL/side; from bregma: AP, +1.2; ML, ±1.0; DV, −4.8 mm) of Adora2a-Cre or Drd1-Cre mice.

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: Cell reports

Article Title: Serotonin receptors contribute to dopamine depression of lateral inhibition in the nucleus accumbens

doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110795

Figure Lengend Snippet: KEY RESOURCES TABLE

Article Snippet: To target ChR2 to D2- or D1- MSNs, a Cre-dependent vector encoding ChR2-eYFP (AAV5-EF1a-double floxed-hChR2(H134R)-EYFP-WPRE-HGHpA, 1 × 10 13 vg/mL, Addgene# 20298-AAV5 or AAV5-EF1a-DIO-hChR2(H134R)-EYFP, 4.5 × 10 12 vg/mL, UNC Vector Core catalog# 5EF1aChR2YFPDIO) was injected bilaterally into NAc core (250–300 nL/side; from bregma: AP, +1.2; ML, ±1.0; DV, −4.8 mm) of Adora2a-Cre or Drd1-Cre mice.

Techniques: Plasmid Preparation, Recombinant, Software